What does the first law of thermodynamics state?
The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
What is enthalpy (ΔH)?
Enthalpy is the heat content of a system, which is the sum of the internal energy and the product of pressure and volume.
What is the difference between exothermic and endothermic reactions?
Exothermic reactions release heat, while endothermic reactions absorb heat.
What is Gibbs free energy (ΔG)?
Gibbs free energy is the energy in a system that can do work at constant temperature and pressure.
What is the standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°)?
The standard enthalpy of formation is the heat change that results when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements in their standard states.
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of an isolated system will always increase over time.
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What is the relationship between temperature and entropy?
As temperature increases, the entropy of a system also increases because the particles move more randomly at higher temperatures.
What is the relationship between enthalpy change (ΔH) and heat in a reaction?
Enthalpy change (ΔH) is the heat released or absorbed during a reaction at constant pressure.
What is the heat of reaction?
The heat of reaction is the heat absorbed or released during a chemical reaction, often represented as ΔH.